Ingredient Database

Digestive enzyme supplements contain proteases, amylases, and lipases that assist in the breakdown of macronutrients. They are particularly useful for individuals with pancreatic insufficiency or age-related enzyme decline.

Curcumin is the principal curcuminoid of turmeric (Curcuma longa), with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties rivaling pharmaceutical agents in some clinical comparisons. Its major limitation — poor native bioavailability — is overcome by enhanced formulations.

Piperine is the primary pungent alkaloid found in black pepper (Piper nigrum) and long pepper (Piper longum). It is the most widely studied and utilized natural bioenhancer, dramatically increasing the absorption and bioavailability of a vast range of co-administered nutrients, vitamins, and supplement ingredients through multiple complementary mechanisms.

L-Methylfolate (5-MTHF) is the biologically active, methylated form of folate (Vitamin B9). Unlike synthetic folic acid, 5-MTHF does not require enzymatic conversion by the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme, making it directly usable by the body. This is particularly relevant for individuals with genetic polymorphisms (e.g., MTHFR) that impair folic acid metabolism. Folate is essential for numerous physiological processes, including DNA synthesis and repair, methylation reactions, and the metabolism of homocysteine.

Vitamin K2, specifically menaquinone-7 (MK-7), is a fat-soluble vitamin crucial for activating proteins involved in blood clotting, bone metabolism, and vascular health. Unlike Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone), which is primarily found in leafy green vegetables and is essential for coagulation, MK-7 has a longer half-life and plays a more significant role in extrahepatic tissues, particularly in bone and arteries.

Caffeine anhydrous is the most extensively studied ergogenic aid, antagonising adenosine receptors to reduce perceived effort and improve endurance, strength, and cognitive performance.

Grapeseed extract is rich in oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) supporting vascular health, antioxidant defence, and modest blood pressure reduction.

Chromium picolinate is a bioavailable form of trivalent chromium that supports insulin action and may modestly reduce carbohydrate cravings.

Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) is a mitochondrial electron carrier and lipophilic antioxidant; supplementation supports energy production, heart health, and counters statin-induced depletion.

Trans-resveratrol is a polyphenol from grapes and Japanese knotweed that activates SIRT1, supports cardiovascular function, and has shown longevity benefits in preclinical models.

Garcinia cambogia is a tropical fruit whose rind yields hydroxycitric acid (HCA), typically standardised to 50–60%. It has been marketed for weight management for decades, though the human evidence for meaningful fat loss is weak and inconsistent.

Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan found naturally in synovial fluid, skin and connective tissue. Oral supplements (usually sodium hyaluronate) are positioned for joint comfort and skin hydration.

White kidney bean extract is standardised for alpha-amylase inhibiting activity (measured in AI units). It is marketed as a 'starch blocker' that reduces the digestion of complex carbohydrates.

Apple fruit extract is standardised for polyphenols such as phloridzin, chlorogenic acid and quercetin glycosides. It is used as a general antioxidant ingredient rather than for any specific validated indication.

Bacopa monnieri is an Ayurvedic herb standardised for bacosides. It is one of the better-studied herbal nootropics, with several human trials suggesting benefits for memory acquisition and retention after weeks of consistent use.

Boswellia serrata resin is standardised for boswellic acids, particularly AKBA (3-O-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid). Human trials, mostly in osteoarthritis, report modest improvements in joint pain and function.

Gotu kola (Centella asiatica) is standardised for triterpenes such as asiaticoside and madecassoside. Best known in skincare ('cica'), oral use is positioned for circulation, skin and traditional cognitive support; human evidence is limited.

L-selenomethionine is the organic, amino-acid-bound form of selenium and the main form found in foods. It is absorbed efficiently and incorporated into body proteins, providing a slow-release selenium pool.

Green coffee bean extract is made from unroasted coffee beans and standardised for chlorogenic acids, which are largely destroyed by roasting. It is marketed for weight management and glycaemic support; human evidence is mixed and early meta-analyses were affected by a retracted trial.

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract, standardised to 24% flavone glycosides and 6% terpene lactones (the '24/6' standard), is one of the most studied herbal extracts. Large trials in healthy older adults have not shown prevention of cognitive decline; smaller studies suggest modest effects in existing impairment.

Citicoline (CDP-choline) is a choline donor and uridine precursor that supports phosphatidylcholine synthesis in neuronal membranes. It has a substantial clinical history in stroke and cognitive impairment in some countries, and is a popular nootropic-stack ingredient.

Quercetin is a flavonol found in onions, apples and berries. Supplemental quercetin (often the dihydrate form) is positioned for immune support and antioxidant activity; oral bioavailability of the plain aglycone is low, driving interest in phytosome and glycoside forms.

Ginger root extract, standardised for gingerols, is one of the best-supported botanicals for nausea — particularly pregnancy-related and motion sickness — with additional evidence for digestive comfort and modest anti-inflammatory effects.

Panax ginseng root, standardised for ginsenosides, is a classic adaptogen used for fatigue, vitality and cognitive support. Human trials show modest, inconsistent benefits for fatigue and cognition; quality and ginsenoside content vary widely between products.

Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid concentrated in neuronal membranes. Modern supplements are soy- or sunflower-derived (the original bovine cortex form is no longer used). Human studies suggest modest cognitive benefits in older adults and possible cortisol blunting during exercise stress.

Lutein is a xanthophyll carotenoid concentrated in the macula of the eye, where it filters blue light and acts as an antioxidant. It is one of the better-supported eye-health nutrients, anchored by the AREDS2 trial for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression.

Lycopene is the red carotenoid of tomatoes, standardised in extracts (commonly 5–10%). It is positioned for prostate health, cardiovascular support and skin photoprotection; evidence is largely observational with some supportive small trials.

Bacillus coagulans is a spore-forming probiotic whose spores survive heat and stomach acid far better than typical lactobacilli, making it practical for shelf-stable products. Strain-specific human trials support benefits for IBS-type symptoms and digestive comfort.

Cayenne extract is standardised for capsaicinoids, the compounds responsible for chilli heat. Capsaicin produces a measurable but small increase in energy expenditure and fat oxidation, and is a staple of thermogenic weight-management products.

Triphala is a traditional Ayurvedic blend of three fruits — amla (Emblica officinalis), bibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica) and haritaki (Terminalia chebula) — used primarily for digestive regularity. Modern human evidence is limited to a handful of small trials.

Soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein) are phytoestrogens standardised in extracts (commonly 40%). The best evidence supports modest reduction of menopausal hot flushes; effects on bone and cardiovascular markers are less consistent.

Green tea extract is standardised for catechins, principally EGCG. It is one of the most common fat-burner ingredients: human trials show small increases in energy expenditure and fat oxidation, amplified by caffeine, with rare hepatotoxicity at high doses on an empty stomach.

Serratiopeptidase (serrapeptase) is a proteolytic enzyme originally isolated from silkworm-gut bacteria. It is marketed as a 'systemic enzyme' for inflammation and recovery, but the human evidence base is thin and oral absorption of an intact enzyme is physiologically uncertain.